1. The Tense Identifiers:
কিছু কিছু শব্দ বা শব্দগুচ্ছ আছে যা দেখে বোঝা যায়
বাক্যের verb টি কোন Tense হবে। সেসব শব্দ
বা শব্দগুচ্ছকে এখানে Tense Identifiers হিসেবে অভিহিত করা হয়েছে। নিচে Tense Identifiers এর একটি তালিকা এবং পরে এগুলোর বিশদ ব্যাখ্যা দেয়া হলোঃ
|
Tense |
Tense Markers |
|
1. Present Simple Tense |
always, often,
sometimes, everyday, daily, regularly, usually, normally, occasionally,
generally, daily, everyday etc. |
|
2. Present Continuous
Tense |
now, at this moment, at
this time, at present, day by day, day after day, gradually, increasingly,
still, look (তাৎক্ষণিক দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণমূলক), listen etc. Note: State verb এর ক্ষেত্রে Present Simple Tense হবে। Some
state verbs: see, hear, feel, smell,
taste, love, hate, like, believe, forget, know, appear, be, remain, have,
own, owe, belong, deserve etc. Example: He believes me now. |
|
3. Present Perfect Tense |
just, just now, already,
yet, ever, never, lately, recently, in the meantime. |
|
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense |
for, since, how long
etc. দ্বারা duration বোঝালে। Note: State verb এর
ক্ষেত্রে Present Perfect Tense হবে। Example: We have known each other for five years. |
|
5. Past Simple Tense |
yesterday, ago, long
ago, long since, last, last night, last week, last month, last, year, as soon
as, the day before yesterday, once, once upon a time, formerly, earlier etc. |
|
6. Past Continuous Tense |
at that moment, at that
time, then etc. এবং while,
when, as দ্বারা যুক্ত দু’টি অতীত ঘটনায় while, when, as যুক্ত অংশটি Past Continuous Tense হয়। |
|
7. Past Perfect Tense |
অতীতের দু’টি ক্রমিক ঘটনার ক্ষেত্রে before এর পূর্বে ও after এর পরে Past Perfect Tense হয়। |
|
8. Future Simple Tense |
tomorrow,
coming, in the days/years to come. |
|
9. Future Perfect
Tense |
by, by this time, by
(time, month, year), next (time, month, year), by next (time, month, year). |
1.1.
(a) সুনির্দিষ্ট অন্য কোন সময় উল্লেখ না
করা হলে বাক্যে যদি always, often, sometimes,
everyday, daily, regularly, usually, normally, occasionally, generally, daily,
everyday etc. থাকে তাহলে বাক্যের verbটি Present Simple Tense এ হয়।
Question : We often ------ (to fall) a victim of circumstances.
Answer :
We often fall a victim of circumstances.
Question : He always ---- (get up) early in the morning.
Answer : He
always gets up early in the morning.
Question : Her mother ----- (read) the Holly Quran daily.
Answer : Her
mother reads the Holly Quran daily.
[Note: Present Simple
Tense এ Subject
3rd Person Singular Number হলে Verb Singular হয় অর্থাৎ Be verb এর ক্ষেত্রে is, Have verb এর ক্ষেত্রে has, Do verb এর ক্ষেত্রে does এবং অন্যান্য verb এর ক্ষেত্রে verb+s/es হয়।]
(b) যেসব Exclamatory Sentence ‘Here’ বা ‘There’ দ্বারা শুরু
হয়ে বর্তমানে কিছু ঘটছে এমন বোঝায় সেসব বাক্যের Verbটি Present Simple Tense এ হয়।
Question : Here ----- (come) the bus!
Answer :
Here comes the bus!
Question : There she ---- (go)!
Answer :
There she goes!
(c) Universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য) এবং Habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত বিষয়) এর ক্ষেত্রে Present Simple Tense হয়। এছাড়া Historical event বা ঐতিহাসিক
সত্য ঘটনা প্রকাশের ক্ষেত্রে Present
Simple Tense অথবা Past
Simple Tense হয়।
Question : Water ---- (go) down.
Answer : Water
goes down. (Universal truth)
Question : The earth ----- (revolve) round the sun.
Answer : The
earth revolves round the sun. (Universal truth)
Question : Practice ---- (make) perfect.
Answer : Practice
makes perfect. (Habitual fact)
Question : The battle of Palashi ---- (take place) in 1757 AD.
Answer :
The battle of Palashi takes place/took place in 1757 AD.
(Historical event)
1.2.
(a) বাক্যে now, at this moment, at this time, at present, day by day, day after
day, gradually, increasingly, still etc. থাকলে বাক্যটি Present Continuous Tense হয়। তেমনিভাবে বর্তমানে তাৎক্ষণিক দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণমূলক শব্দ যেমন- look, listen, hush ইত্যাদি থাকলেও
Present Continuous Tense হয়। তবে যেসব verb এর continuous হয় না সেসব ক্ষেত্রে Present Perfect Tense হবে।
Question : The boys ----- (play) now.
Answer : The boys are
playing now.
Question : Look, the bird ----- (fly).
Answer : Look, the bird is flying.
Question : Our population ----- (increase) gradually.
Answer : Our population is increasing gradually.
Question : Day by day we ----- (get) wealthier.
Answer : Day by day we are getting wealthier.
(b) while, when, as দ্বারা যুক্ত
দু’টি বর্তমান ঘটনায় while, when, as যুক্ত অংশটি Present Continuous Tense হয়।
Question : Don’t make a noise while the baby ----- (sleep).
Answer : Don’t make a noise while the baby is sleeping.
1.3.
বাক্যে just, just now, already, yet, ever, never,
lately, recently, in the meantime থাকলে বাক্যটি Present Perfect Tense হয়।
Question : They not ----- (finish) the work yet.
Answer : They have
not finished the work yet.
Question : I ------ (receive) your letter just now.
Answer : I have
received your letter just now.
Question : He never ---- (be) to Cox’s Bazar.
Answer : He has never been to Cox’s Bazar.
Question : I ---- (see) him recently.
Answer : I have
seen him recently.
1.4.
বাক্যে যাবৎ, ধরে, হতে, থেকে অর্থে for বা since থাকলে Present Perfect Continuous Tense হয়। তবে যেসব verb এর continuous হয় না সেসব ক্ষেত্রে Present Perfect Tense হবে।
Question : He ----- (live) here for five years.
Answer : He has
been living here for five years.
Question : It ------ (rain) since morning.
Answer : It has been raining since morning.
1.5.
yesterday, ago, long ago,
long since, last, last night, last week, last month, last, year, the day before
yesterday, once, once upon a time, formerly, earlier etc. শব্দ বা শব্দগুচ্ছ Past Simple Tense নির্দেশ করে।
Question : Earlier I ---- (serve) in a hospital.
Answer : Earlier I served
in a hospital.
Question : He ---- (be) formerly a congressman.
Answer : He was formerly a congressman.
Question : He ---- (move) Khulna last month.
Answer : He moved Khulna last month.
Question : I ---- (meet) him yesterday.
Answer : I met
him yesterday.
Question : I opened the door as soon as I ---- (hear) the bell.
Answer : I opened the door as soon as I heard the bell.
1.6.
(a) বাক্যে at that moment, at that time, then etc. থাকলে বাক্যটি Past Continuous Tense হয়। while, when, as দ্বারা যুক্ত
দু’টি অতীত ঘটনায় while, when, as যুক্ত অংশটি Past Continuous Tense হয়। তবে কখনো
কখনো when যুক্ত অংশটি Past Simple Tense হলে অপর অংশ Past Continuous Tense হয়।
Question : As the sun ---- (shine), I decided to go out.
Answer : As the sun was
shining, I decided to go out.
Question : While I ---- (walk) in the field, I saw a dead cow.
Answer : While I was walking in the field, I saw a dead cow.
Question : We were watching the news when the telephone --- (ring).
Answer : We were watching the news when the
telephone rang.
(b) While এর পরে Subject না থেকে যদি
সরাসরি verb থাকে তাহলে উক্ত verb এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়।
Question : While ---- (walk) in the field, I saw a dead cow.
Answer : While walking in the field, I saw a dead cow.
1.7.
অতীতের দু’টি ক্রমিক ঘটনার ক্ষেত্রে before এর পূর্বে ও after এর পরে Past Perfect Tense হয়। অপর অংশটি Past Simple Tense হয়।
Question : I reached the station after the train ---- (leave).
Answer : I reached the station after the train had left.
Question : The patient ---- (die) before the doctor came.
Answer : The patient had died before the doctor
came.
Question : The thief had run away before the police ---- (arrive).
Answer : The thief had run away before the
police arrived.
1.8.
বাক্যে tomorrow, coming, in the days/years to come etc. থাকলে বাক্যটি Future Simple Tense হয়।
Question : He ---- (come) home tomorrow.
Answer : He will come home tomorrow.
Question : More savings ---- (appear) in coming years.
Answer : More savings will appear in coming
years.
1.9.
বাক্যে by, by this time, by (time, month, year), next
(time, month, year), by next (time, month, year) থাকলে বাক্যটি Future Perfect Tense হয়।
Question : Next year, Labib and Laila ---- (marry) for five years.
Answer : Next
year, Labib and Laila will have been
married for five
years.
Question : I ---- (arrive) by 5:30 pm.
Answer : I will
have arrived by 5:30 pm.
2.
Subject যদি 3rd person I
singular number হয় এবং verb যদি Present
Simple Tense এ থাকে তাহলে verb এর শেষে s বা es যোগ করতে হবে| verb এর শেষে o, ch,
sh, ss, x, z ইত্যাদি থাকলে es যোগ করতে হয় |
Question : The teacher ---- (teach) us English.
Answer : The teacher teaches us English.
3.
Uncountable noun সবসময় sentence G singular subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়|
Question : Milk ---- (be) not cheap in cost.
Answer : Milk
is not cheap in cost.
4.
Subject এর Headword অনুসারে
verb বসে| Headword যদি
Singular হয় তবে verb টি singular এবং Headword যদি
plural হয় তবে
verb টি plural হয়| তবে subject বড় হলে মূল/প্রধান noun (headword) ধরা কষ্টকর হতে
পারে। কয়েকটি শব্দ নিয়ে subject গঠিত হলে ঐ অংশে preposition (যেমনঃ of, in ইত্যাদি) এবং relative pronoun (যেমনঃ who, which, what ইত্যাদি) থাকলে ঐ Preposition বা relative
pronoun এর ঠিক পূর্বের শব্দটিই প্রধান Noun বা Headword.
Question : The quality of the books ----- (be) good.
Answer : The
quality of the books is good.
Question : All the members of the club ---- (be)
educated.
Answer : All
the members of the club are
educated.
Question : The mangoes that I bought yesterday ---- (be)
rotten.
Answer : The
mangoes that I bought yesterday are
rotten.
[Note: verb এর singular ও plural করা হয় noun এর বিপরীত নিয়মে। noun এর সাথে s/es যোগ করলে সেটা plural হয়ে যায়।
কিন্তু verb এর সাথে s/es যোগ করলে সেটা singular হয়ে যায়, আর s/es যোগ না করলে সেটা plural হয়।
|
Singular noun |
Plural noun |
|
Singular verb |
Plural verb |
|
Mango |
Mangoes |
Goes |
Go |
|
|
Star |
Stars |
Does |
Do |
|
|
Horse |
Horses |
Plays |
Play |
5.
Each, every, any যুক্ত subject এর পর verb টি
singular হয়|
Question : Everyone ---- (have) ended in smoke.
Answer : Everyone
has ended in smoke.
Question : Each boy ---- (have) got a medal.
Answer : Each
boy has got a medal.
Question : Anybody ---- (be) capable of doing the work.
Answer : Anybody
is capable of doing the work.
6.
(a)
Some + plural verb
(b) Some + plural noun + plural verb
(c) Some + uncountable noun + singular verb
(d) somebody/someone/something + singular verb
Question : Some ---- (be) happy with what they have.
Answer : Some
are happy with what they have.
Question : Some people ---- (be) very active.
Answer : Some
people are very active.
Question : Some data ---- (be) invalid.
Answer : Some
data is invalid.
Question : Somebody ---- (be) looking for you.
Answer : Somebody
is looking for you.
7.
No এর পরে singular noun থাকলে verbটি singular হয় এবং plural noun থাকলে verb
টি plural হয়ে থাকে।
Question : No birds ---- (be) on the tree.
Answer : No
birds were on the tree.
Question : No boy ----- (do) their homework yet.
Answer : No
boy has done the homework yet.
8.
(a) many + plural noun +
plural verb.
(b) many + a/an + singular noun + singular verb
Question : Many people ---- (have) died of COVID19.
Answer : Many
people have died of COVID19.
Question : Many a boy ---- (ruin) his career through
laziness.
Answer : Many
a boy ruins his career through laziness.
9.
Any of (the), each of
(the), one of
(the), either of
(the), neither of (the), none of (the) ইত্যাদির পরে noun/pronoun plural হবে কিন্তু verb singular হবে।
Question : Any of the boys ---- (know) the answer.
Answer : Any
of the boys knows the answer.
Question : Each of the girls ---- (be) pretty.
Answer : Each of the girls is pretty.
Question : Neither of them ---- (be) food obsessed person.
Answer : Neither of them is food
obsessed person.
[Note: None of যুক্ত subject এর পরে singular/plural verb ব্যবহার করা
যায়। তবে plural verb ই অধিক প্রচলিত।]
Question : None of the boys ----- (do) their home work
yet.
Answer : None
of the boys has done their home work
yet.
10.
সাধারণত
and দ্বারা যুক্ত দুই বা
ততোধিক noun/pronoun কে একত্রে plural subject ধরা হয় এবং verb I plural nq|
Question : Ayon and Nourin ---- (be) swimming in the
river.
Answer : Ayon
and Nourin were swimming in the river.
Question : Time and tide ---- (wait) for none.
Answer : Time
and tide wait for none.
11.
সাধারণত and দ্বারা যুক্ত দু’টি পদ আলাদা দু’জন ব্যক্তিকে নির্দেশ করলে দু’টি পদের পূর্বেই The বসে এবং verb টি plural হয়| কিন্তু দু’টি পদ একই
ব্যক্তিকে নির্দেশ করলে প্রথম পদের পূর্বেই The বসে এবং verb টি singular
হয়।
Question : The headmaster and the secretary --- (have)
given me a hand.
Answer : The
headmaster and the secretary have given me a hand.
Question : The headmaster and secretary ---- (have)
helped a lame man.
Answer : The
headmaster and secretary has helped a lame man.
12.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত দু’টি Subject সমষ্টিগত অর্থ বুঝালে verb টি singular হয়।
Question : Slow and steady ---- (win) the race.
Answer : Slow and steady wins the race.
Question : Rice and curry ---- (be) my only food.
Answer : Rice and curry is my only food.
Question : Bread and butter ---- (be) my favourite
breakfast.
Answer : Bread and butter is my
favourite breakfast.
13.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত Subject গুলোর পূর্বে each, every, no ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb এর singular form হয়।
Question : Each boy and each girl ---- (be) active.
Answer : Each boy and each girl is active.
Question : No man and no woman ---- (be) there.
Answer : No
man and no woman was there.
14.
টাকার পরিমাণ (measurment of money), সময় (time) এবং দূরত্ব (distance) plural হলেও verb টি singular হয়|
Question : Fifty yards ---- (be) not a good distance.
Answer : Fifty yards is not a good distance.
Question : Ten thousand dollars ---- (be) a big amount of
money.
Answer : Ten
thousand dollars is a big amount of
money.
15.
Collective Noun এর পর সাধারণত singular
verb বসে। কিন্তু
বিচ্ছিন্নতা/ভিন্নতা বোঝালে
Collective noun এর পরে plural verb বসে|
Question : The committee ---- (be) making the planning of Dhaka city.
Answer : The committee is making the planning of Dhaka city.
Question : The committee ---- (be) divided into two
parts.
Answer : The
committee are divided into two parts.
Question : The jury ---- (have) ordered to hang the
criminal.
Answer : The
jury has ordered to hang the
criminal.
Question : The jury ---- (be) divided in their opinion.
Answer : The
jury are divided in their opinion.
16.
দেশের নাম, বইয়ের নাম দেখতে plural হলেও এদের পরে verb টি singular হয়।
Question : Sons and Lovers ---- (be) my favourite novel.
Answer : Sons and Lovers is my favourite novel.
Question : The United Arab Emirates ---- (be) a Middle
East country.
Answer : The
United Arab Emirates is a Middle East country.
17.
both, few, several সর্বদা verb এর plural রূপ গ্রহণ করে।
Question : Both ---- (be) happy.
Answer : Both are happy.
Question : Some of
us ---- (be) doing well.
Answer : Some
of us are doing well.
18.
(a) All that এর পরে সবসময় singular verb হয়।
Question : All that glitters ---- (be) not gold.
Answer : All that glitters is not gold.
(b) All+uncountable noun এর পরে singular verb বসে।
Question : All the money ------ (have) been spent.
Answer : All the money has been spent.
(c) All+plural noun এর পরে plural verb বসে।
Question : All the members ---- (be) present.
Answer : All the members are present.
(d) Pronoun হিসেবে শুধু All থাকলে অর্থ অনুযায়ী ইহার পরে singular
বা plural verb বসে। এক্ষেত্রে
all দ্বারা ‘সবকিছু’ বুঝালে all এর পরে singular verb বসে, আর all দ্বারা ‘সবাই’ বা countable noun বুঝালে all এর পরে plural verb বসে।
Question : All ---- (be) lost.
Answer : All is lost.
Question : All ---- (be) intelligent.
Answer : All
are intelligent.
19.
Adjective এর পূর্বে the বসালে verb টি plural হয়।
Question : The rich ---- (be) not always happy.
Answer : The rich are not always happy.
Question : The honest ---- (get) rewarded.
Answer : The
honest get rewarded.
20.
‘one of’ এর পরে noun টি plural হলেও verb টি singular হয়।
Question : One of the students ---- (be) absent.
Answer : One of the students is absent.
Question : One of the women ---- (wear) a red shari.
Answer : One
of the women wears a red shari.
21.
Relative pronoun ( that,
which, who ইত্যাদি) সহযোগে গঠিত বাক্যে antecedent (যার পরিবর্তে relative pronoun বসে) অনুযায়ী verb ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Question : It is I who ----- (be) responsible.
Answer : It is I who am responsible.
Question : The students who ---- (be) studious do well in
the exam.
Answer : The
students who are studious do well in
the exam.
22.
Majority, infantry,
clergy, people, police, public, peasantry, mankind, cattle, poultry, folk,
gentry, vermin, dozen, pair ইত্যাদি
দেখতে singular মনে হলেও এদের পরে verb plural হয়।
Question : Three dozen ---- (make) thirty six.
Answer : Three dozen make thirty six.
Question : The peasantry of Bangladesh ---- (be) very
poor.
Answer : The
peasantry of Bangladesh are very poor.
Question : Cattle ---- (be) grazing in the field.
Answer : Cattle
are grazing in the field.
23.
Furniture, machinery,
information, poetry, scenery- এগুলোর পরে সবসময় singular verb বসে। এগুলোর plural করা যায় না।
Question : All the furniture ---- (be) good.
Answer : All the furniture is good.
Question : His information ---- (be) false.
Answer : His
information was false.
Question : The poetry of Nazrul ---- (charm) me.
Answer : The poetry of Nazrul charms me.
24.
Belongings, clothes,
congratulations, earnings, savings, goods, riches, stairs, particulars,
premises, surroundings, thanks- শব্দগুলো সাধারণত plural হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত
হয় এবং এগুলোর পরে plural verb বসে।
Question : My particulars ---- (be) given below.
Answer : My particulars are given below.
Question : The surroundings ---- (be) pleasant.
Answer : The surroundings are pleasant.
Question : His earnings ---- (have) increased.
Answer : His
earnings have increased.
25.
কিছু noun আছে যেগুলো দেখতে plural কিন্তু অর্থে singular. এগুলোর পরে singular verb বসে। এধরণের noun এর কিছু উদাহরণ দেওয়া হলো-
|
Academic: |
civics, economics, physics, statistics, politics,
mathematics, linguistics, phonetics, |
|
Sports: |
gymnastics, athletics, |
|
Diseases: |
diabetes, measles, rabies |
Question : Physics ---- (be) my favourite subject.
Answer : Physics is my favourite subject.
Question : Diabetes ---- (be) a metabolic disease.
Answer : Diabetes
is a metabolic disease.
কিন্তু Academic বিষয় না বুঝিয়ে
সাধারণ অর্থে ব্যবহার হলে এগুলোর পরে plural verb বসে।
Question : Statistics ---- (show) that sixty percent people of our country
are poor.
Answer :
Statistics show that sixty
percent people of our country
are poor.
26.
Means, headquarter,
crossroads, series, species – এগুলোর singular ও plural একই বানান। তাই
ইহার দ্বারা singular অর্থ বুঝালে ইহার পরে singular
verb বসে। আর ইহার দ্বারা plural অর্থ বুঝালে ইহার পরে plural verb বসে।
Question : Our only means of transport ---- (be) bus.
Answer : Our only means of transport is bus.x
Question : The species of the cat family ---- (be)
tigers.
Answer : The
species of the cat family is tigers.
Question : Some species of the animal ---- (be)
abolished.
Answer : Some
species of the animal are abolished.
27.
ভগ্নাংশের ক্ষেত্রে one-third, one-fourth, two-thirds,
three-fourths ইত্যাদির পরে noun singular হলে verbটি singular হয় অথবা noun plural হলে verbটি plural হয়।
Question : One-third of the students ---- (be) present.
Answer : One-third of the students are present.
Question : Two-thirds of the book ---- (be) rubbish.
Answer : Two-thirds
of the book is rubbish.
Question : Three fourth of the country ---- (be) in the
grip of flood then.
Answer : Three
fourth of the country was in the
grip of flood then.
28.
One and a half + plural
noun + singular verb.
Question : One and a half mangoes ----(be) enough.
Answer : One and a half mangoes is enough.
29.
(a) more than one +
singular noun + singular verb.
Question : More than one man ---- (be) killed.
Answer : More
than one man was killed.
(b) more than two + plural noun + plural verb.
Question : More than two men ---- (be) killed.
Answer : More
than two men were killed.
(c) more + plural noun + than one + plural verb.
Question : More mangoes than one ---- (have) been rotten.
Answer : More
mangoes than one have been rotten.
30.
A number of এর পরে plural verb এবং The number of এর পরে plural verb বসে।
Question : A number of books ---- (have) been lost.
Answer : A number of books have been lost.
Question : The number of honest people ---- (be)
decreasing.
Answer : The
number of honest people is decreasing.
31.
A lot of, lots of, plenty of, half
of, rest of, part of এর পরে singular/uncountable noun থাকলে verb singular হবে, আর এগুলোর পরে plural
noun থাকলে verb
plural হবে।
Question : A lot of rice ---- (have) been wasted.
Answer : A lot of rice has been wasted.
Question : A lot of mangoes ---- (be) rotten.
Answer : A
lot of mangoes are rotten.
Question : Half of the wood ---- (be) burnt.
Answer : Half of the wood is burnt.
Question : Half of
the trees ---- (be) cut down.
Answer : Half
of the trees are cut down.
32.
A majority of / The
majority of + plural verb.
Question : A majority of the people ---- (be) educated.
Answer : A majority of the people are educated.
33.
দু’টি subject
যদি As well as, with, along
with, along with, together with, accompanied by, accompanied with, escorted by,
followed by, in addition to, including to, except, and not/ no দ্বারা যুক্ত হয় তাহলে প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী verb বসে। অর্থাৎ প্রথম subject ‘singular’ হলে verb ‘singular’ এবং প্রথম subject ‘plural’ হলে verb ‘plural’ হবে।
Question : He and not his sons ----
(have) come.
Answer : He and not his sons has
come.
Question : She together with her parents ---- (intend) to
visit us.
Answer : She
together with her parents intends to
visit us.
Question : The children along with their mother ---- (have) come.
Answer : The children along with their mother have come.
34.
Or, nor, either……or,
neither…….nor, not only……but also থাকলে শেষের subject অনুযায়ী verb বসে। অর্থাৎ শেষের subject ‘singular’ হলে verb ‘singular’ এবং শেষের subject ‘plural’ হলে verb ‘plural’ হবে।
Question : He or they ----- (be) guilty.
Answer : He
or they are guilty.
Question : Neither Rimu nor her sisters ---- (be)
meritorious.
Answer : Neither
Rimu nor her sisters are meritorious.
Question : Either the boys or their father ---- (have) come.
Answer : Either
the boys or their father has come.
35.
Nothing but এর পরে সবসময় singular verb বসে।
Question : Nothing but unfulfilled desires ---- (attract) me.
Answer : Nothing but unfulfilled desires attracts me.
36.
(a) There / here + singular
verb + singular noun.
(b) There / here + plural verb + plural noun.
Question : There ---- (be) an old man in a village.
Answer : There was an old man in a village.
Question : There ---- (be) ten cows in the field.
Answer : There
are ten cows in the field.
37.
Infinite, gerund, verbal noun,
clause ইত্যাদি বাক্যের Subject
হিসেবে থাকলে ঐ Subject কে
3rd person singular number হিসেবে গণ্য করে singular verb বসাতে হয়।
Question : Swimming ---- (be) a good exercise.
Answer : Swimming is a good exercise.
Question : To tell a lie ---- (be) a great sin.
Answer : To
tell a lie is a great sin.
Question : The writing of poem ---- (be) my favorite hobby.
Answer : The writing of poem is my favorite hobby.
Question : That you completed the course ---- (be) known to me.
Answer : That you completed the course is known to me.
38.
Preposition এর পর verb সাধারণত Gerund (verb+ing) আকারে বসে| অর্থাৎ At, in, into,
on, of, for, about, from, with, by, without, through, across, along, against,
during, within, after, before, between, among, over, above, under, below, up,
down, off, out, beside, besides, beyond, behind, away, except, past ইত্যাদি Preposition এর পর verb এর সাথে
ing যোগ হয়|
Question : He never thought of ---- (go) to cinema.
Answer : He never thought of going to cinema.
Question : To tell a lie ---- (be) a great sin.
Answer : To
tell a lie is a great sin.
39.
Since যদি conjunction হিসেবে ব্যহহৃত হয় তাহলে নিচের structure অনুযায়ী verb এর রূপ পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
(a) Present simple/present perfect + since + past
simple
(b) Past simple + since + past perfect
Question : Two years have passed since my father ---- (die).
Answer : Two years have passed since my father died.
Question : It was long since I ---- (see) her last.
Answer : It
was long since I had seen her last.
Question : It ---- (be) many years since they had first met.
Answer : It was many years since they had first met.
Question : It ---- (be) three years since I lost my father.
Answer : It is three years since I lost my father.
40.
Since যখন adverb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন এটি কোনো clause কে যুক্ত করে
না। তখন এরত পরে কোন noun বা noun equivalent বসে না। একাকী ব্যবহৃত হয়। এরূপভাবে since ব্যবহৃত হলে তার আগে একটি Adverb of time বসে এবং since = ago এরূপ অর্থ
প্রদান করে। এক্ষেত্রে since এর পূর্ববর্তী verb টি Past simple tense এ হয়।
Question : I ---- (see) him long since.
Answer : I saw
him long since.
41.
যদি কোনো sentence এ infinitive (to + verb) এর পূর্বে ‘go’
verb থাকে তবে ‘go’ verb টির গঠন Present continuous tense এ হয়।
Question : He ---- (go) to buy a colour TV soon.
Answer : He is going to buy a colour TV soon.
Question : The Manager ---- (go) to inaugurate a new branch.
Answer : The Manager is going to inaugurate a
new branch.
42.
Sentence এর শুরুতে would that থাকলে এর পরে could বসে এবং প্রদত্ত verb এর base form হয়।
Question : Would that I ---- (study) in Oxford University.
Answer : Would that I could study in Oxford University.
43.
It is
time, it is high
time, it is right
time, it is proper
time, ইত্যাদির পরে subject
থাকলে তার পরের verb টি
past form হয়।
Question : It is high time we ---- (change) our outlook.
Answer : It is high time we changed our
outlook.
44.
I fancy, I wish, if এর পরে be verb থাকলে were হয় এবং অন্য verb থাকলে verb এর past
form হয় অথবা could + verb এর present
form হয়।
Question : I fancy I ---- (have) the wings of a bird.
Answer : I
wish I had the wings of a bird.
Question : If I ----- (drive) an airoplane.
Answer : If I could drive an airoplane.
Question : I wish I ---- (be) a millionaire.
Answer : I
wish I were a millionaire.
45.
(a) Present Tense + as
if/as though/ + Past simple tense
(b) Past simple tense + as if/as though + Past perfect
tense
Question : He speaks as if he ---- (know) everything.
Answer : He
speaks as if he knew everything.
Question : He did the work as though he ---- (do) it before.
Answer : He did the work as though he had done it before.
[As though/as if এর পরে be verb থাকলে সর্বদা were হয়।]
46.
Conditional
sentence চার প্রকার
(a) Zero
conditional: যদি চিরন্তন সত্য হয়
তবে
(i)
if + present simple,
+ present simple
(ii)
present simple + if +
present simple
Question : If water freezes, it ---- (turn) into ice.
Answer : If
water freezes, it turns into ice.
Question : If sun ---- (rise), darkness disappears.
Answer : If sun rises, darkness disappears.
Question : Darkness ---- (disappear) if sun rises.
Answer : Darkness
disappears if sun rises.
(b) First
conditional:
(i)
if + present simple, + future
simple (sub + will/can/may + V0)
(ii)
future simple (sub +
will/can/may + V0) + if + present simple
Question : If I find his address, I ---- (write) to him.
Answer : If
I find his address, I will write to
him.
Question : we will make the negotiation if he ---- (want).
Answer : we will make the negotiation if he wants.
Question : If you work hard, you ---- (be) able to pass.
Answer : If
you work hard, you will be able to
pass.
(c) Second
conditional:
(i)
if + past simple + past
conditional (subject + would/could/might + V0)
(ii)
past conditional (Sub +
would/could/might + V0) + if + past simple
Question : If I found his address, I ---- (write) to him.
Answer : If
I found his address, I would write to
him.
Question : If you came, I ---- (go).
Answer : If you came, I would go.
Question : If I ---- (had) money, I would help the poor.
Answer : If
I had money, I would help the poor.
(d) Third
conditional:
(i) if + past perfect + perfect conditional (Sub +
could/ would/ might + have + V3)
(ii) perfect conditional (Sub + could/ would/ might
+ have + V3) + if + past perfect
Question : If
he ---- (come), I would have helped him.
Answer : If he had come, I would have helped him.
Question : If the man had found my
address, he ---- (write) to me.
Answer : If
the man had found my address, he would
have written to me.
Question : You
---- (pass) if you had worked hard.
Answer : You could
have passed if you had worked hard.
কখনো কখনো third conditional এ if ব্যবহৃত হয় না| সেক্ষেত্রে ‘had’
sentence এর শুরুতে ব্যবহৃত
হয়।
Question : Had I read the book, I ----
(know) many unknown things.
Answer : Had I read the book, I would have known many unknown things.
Question : Had we taken the decision,
you ---- (fall) in distress.
Answer : Had
we taken the decision, you could have
fallen in distress.
Question : Had
he come, I ---- (meet) him.
Answer : Had he come, I would have met him.
Note: conditional sentence G be verb হিসাবে সর্বদা were ব্যবহৃত হয়|
Question : If
I ---- (be) a king, I would help you.
Answer : If I were a king, I would help you.
Question : If he ---- (be) in the meeting, we would
make the negotiation.
Answer : If he were
in the meeting, we would make the negotiation.
Note: Conditional sentence G connector হিসেবে in case, unless, provided that ইত্যাদি
ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।
Question :
Give him your telephone number in case he ---- (get) lost.
Answer : Give him your telephone number in case
he gets lost.
Question : I will lend you money provided that you ---
(return) it.
Answer : I
will lend you money provided that you return
it.
Question :
You will fail in the exam unless you ---- (work) hard.
Answer : You will fail in the exam unless you work hard.
তবে unless শব্দটি
negative হওয়ায় এর পর আর কোনো negative word ব্যবহার করা যাবে না|
Incorrect : Unless he does not come, I
will not go there. (incorrect)
Correct : Unless he comes, I will not
go there. (correct)
47.
(a) No sooner + had + subject
+ V3 + than + Subject + V2.
(b) Scarcely + had + subject + V3 + when +
Subject + V2
(c) Hardly + had + subject + V3 + before +
Subject + V2
Question : No
sooner had the police arrived than the thief --- (run) away.
Answer : No sooner had the police arrived than
the thief ran away.
Question : Scarcely had I reached the
station when the train ---- (start).
Answer :
Scarcely had I reached the station when the train started.
Question :
Hardly I (see) a parrot before it flew away.
Answer : Hardly had I seen a parrot before it flew away.
48.
Had better, had rather, would better, would
rather, let, must, need, dare ইত্যাদির পর verb এর base form হয়।
Question :
You had better ---- (go) home.
Answer : You had better go home.
Question : I will not let you ----
(enter) the classroom.
Answer : I
will not let you enter the
classroom.
Question :
How dare you ---- (rebuke) me.
Answer : How dare you rebuke me.
49.
to এর পরে verb এর base form হয় কিন্তু with a view to, look
forward to, get used to, got used to, be used to, with an eye to, confess to,
object to, resort to, addicted to, devoted to,
accustomed to, inured to এর পর verb + ing হয়।
Question : I
am looking forward to ---- (hear) from you.
Answer : I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Question :
Students learn English with a view to ---- (get) a good job.
Answer :
Students learn English with a view to getting a good job.
Question : He is used to ----- (take) tea
in the morning.
Answer : He is used to taking tea in the morning.
50.
Mind, worth, without,
past, cannot help, could not help, cannot bear, would you mind, Avoid, enjoy,
finish, like, stop, start, miss, remember, feel like, ইত্যাদি পরে verb এর Present Participle অর্থাৎ (verb+ing) হয়|
Question : I
feel like ---- (go) to cinema.
Answer : I feel like going to cinema.
Question :
Students cannot help ---- (study) regularly.
Answer :
Students cannot help studding
regularly.
Question : I cannot stop ---- (laugh).
Answer : I cannot stop laughing.
51.
Preposition + verb + ing
Question : I
never thought of ---- (go) to cinema.
Answer : I never thought of going to cinema..
52.
see, find, watch, notice,
make, build, behold, hear + object + present
participle (Verb+ing) অথবা bare
infinitive (base form of a verb) structure টি মনে রাখতে হবে| তবে Passive voice এর ক্ষেত্রে to infinitive হবে।
Question : I made him ---- (do) the work.
Answer : I made him do the work.
Question : He
was seen ---- (go) by me.
Answer : He
was seen to go by me.
53.
Have, has, had, get, got,
want + বস্তুবাচক (direct) object +v3 বসে|
Question : I got
the work ---- (do).
Answer : I got the work done.
Question : I
had my rice ---- (cook).
Answer : I
had my rice cooked.
54.
Sub + have/make/help + ব্যক্তিবাচক (indirect) object
+V0 Structure টি মনে রাখতে হবে।
Ex: I make Mr. Kobir maintain the office of
MasterMind
Question : I
made Mr. Raihan ---- (maintain) the office.
Answer : I made Mr. Raihan maintain the office.
55.
Lest +subject
+should/might + V0
Question : He
ran fast lest he ---- (miss) the train.
Answer : He ran fast lest he should miss the train.
56.
(a) Modal auxiliaries + v0
(c) Modal auxiliaries + be + v3
Question :
You must ---- (obey) your superiors.
Answer : You must obey your superiors.
Question :
Your duty should be ---- (do) properly.
Answer : Your duty should be done properly.
57.
কোনো Conjunction ছাড়া sentence
এ যদি একের অধিক verb থাকে
(i)
সাধারণত উদ্দেশ্য বুঝাতে non-finite verb টি infinitive (to + verb) হয়।
(ii)
non-finite verb এর ঠিক আগের noun টি নিজেই ঐ কাজ করলে verb
+ ing হবে।
(iii)
কিন্তু কাজটি সেই noun দ্বারা না হয়ে অন্য কারো দ্বারা হলে verb টির past participle হবে।
Question :
Istiak decided ---- (study) Economics.
Answer : Istiak decided to study Economics.
Question : I
know the boy ---- (come) here.
Answer : I
know the boy coming here.
Question : English is a language ----
(speak) all over the world.
Answer : English is a language spoken all over the world.
